Today’s blog post is written by Elizabeth Lilly, GHF ’16.

(Note: Pictures are still taking a long time to upload. We will keep trying, or we will input them into these posts upon our return this weekend!)

Today was our first day immersing ourselves in what is truly rural Haiti. Whereas before we had been roaming the relatively urbanized (by Haitian standards) streets of Hinche, we traveled today to Clory, a beautiful village far off the beaten — and safely driveable — path. It is in Clory that Manno, the manager of the Midwives for Haiti house, and his friend Theard, have built their school; it is in this school that Stuart will pilot her curriculum tomorrow morning. Clory sits in the center of an expansive plateau, rimmed by towering, cloud-topped mountains. We hiked along narrow, rocky trails to gather information about perception of disease in the most rural of settings. All of us found the residents in and outside of Clory to be, for the most part, lacking medical knowledge that we take for granted in the United States. Nearly all of us encountered someone whom we knew to be sick, but in each case we were unable to do anything. The nearest hospital in Hinche, St. Therese, is basic at best in the care it offers. This cast a somber mood over the interviews but only reminded us of our purpose. Many of the people we surveyed were curious about that purpose — and what was in it for them. Our responses to these questions usually began with “In the future, we hope…” This trip is the first step in making that hope and future a reality.

Highlights of the Day:

Bridget: Seeing that the kids at Maison Fortune remembered us

Today’s post was co-written by Brian Peccie and Stuart Luter, both GHF ’16.

Our day began with a trip to the market in central Hinche. Wyatt, Aneesh, Stuart, and Ms. Massey experienced the many positive and negative aspects of the local market. Using the funds Bridget raised last month, they bought the final 12 mosquito bed nets from 3 different vendors. While doing so, Wyatt took blood pressure and heart rate readings and Stuart and Aneesh interviewed the different men and women in the market. Upon leaving the market, they walked through Hinche and found more interviewees. Doctor Wyatt Miller took 30 blood pressure readings, discovering that many Haitians have high blood pressure — some even as high as 170/106. Aneesh and Stuart interviewed a few more of the locals to inform their projects.

Wyatt taking blood pressure readings in the streets of Hinche.

Next, they walked to the United Nations MINUSTAH (India) peacekeeping compound so that Aneesh could translate for Emmanuel, our translator, whose vacation bible school is receiving support from some of the men stationed there. This turned out to be an extremely interesting and unique experience.

Receiving water, orange juice, and coffee while relaxing in the AC was a great break from the heat of Haiti. They met the main commander of the force, Commander Shidu, and an officer Ajay Sharma, as well as other soldiers and doctors. Aneesh had great conversations with them in Hindi. They invited us to lunch, which was an amazing experience. The rice and dal, Indian sweets, and finale of ice cream was such a treat! They had many great conversations about Haiti and the UN’s job here as well as what Haiti’s future has to hold.

With our new Indian friends from the United Nations Peacekeeping Mission.

While Stuart, Aneesh, Wyatt, and Ms. Massey were out in the market, Brian, Elizabeth, Bridget, and Mr. Doar headed off to the Midwives for Haiti mobile clinic in the village Rhode. The clinic was located in a home of one of the midwives. Although it was smaller facility than the one the other group visited yesterday, the midwives still were very productive in working with the limited space. Brian took the blood pressure of the patients, Elizabeth and Mr. Doar sorted pills, and Bridget continued her distribution of bed nets to the pregnant women. They then all sat down with a few of the women to continue interviews that will inform their projects. After an exhausting hour of work, they took a quick hike up the nearby mountain to take a look at the breathtaking views of the countryside and the distant mountains. They also walked to a local school. It is exam time for the kids of Rhode, so the group was not able to interact with the school kids as much as they would have liked. However, as with wherever we go, there were other children curiously following behind. The group made their way back to the clinic where they continued interviewing more patients of the clinic. They left the clinic on a cheerful note by seeing the smiling faces on the patients after Bridget gave them the bed nets.

In the afternoon we all reunited and traveled as a group to St. Therese Hospital, the Ministry of Health’s hospital here in Hinche, where we spoke with Emily Dally, Curriculum and Training Specialist for Partners in Health.

Emily Dally, of Partners in Health, speaks to the group at the St. Therese hospital in Hinche.

At some point during our tour, each one of us noticed that the hospital looked more sanitary and less crowded since last time. Before departing, we dropped off some donated medical supplies from Norfolk Academy’s athletic training room. When we returned home, we tried to play a game of “futbol,” however a storm interrupted those plans. That didn’t stop us from having fun though! We ended a long day in the scorching heat by cooling off in the pouring rain.

Stuart met with some of the midwives after dinner to discuss her plans for the young women’s empowerment and health education curriculum. It was a very informative and helpful conversation that will steer her curricular design efforts over the next few months.

Highlights of the Day:

Stuart Luter: Talking to the midwives about my curriculum and getting their feedback

Aneesh Dhawan: Eating lunch with the officers at the U.N.

Brian Peccie: Improving my research by surveying more people at the mobile clinic in Rhode.

Wyatt Miller: Experiencing a morning in the Haitian market in Hinche and talking to the men and women in their stalls.

Bridget Dickinson: Seeing the change in the pregnant mothers’ facial expressions at the mobile clinic after we finished the surveys and handed them the bed nets

Elizabeth Lilly: Watching the midwives’ incredible work at the mobile clinic

Today’s blog is co-written by Aneesh Dhawan and Bridget Dickinson, both GHF ’16.

Our morning began with a quick breakfast as midwives arrived at the house for training. We split up into two groups- one going on the mobile clinic at Los Palos and the other to the market. Bridget, Elizabeth, Brian, Ms. Massey, and our translator Emmanuel departed for the local market in Hinche. Our first stop was to exchange some of the money Bridget raised to purchase mosquito bed nets. We exchanged $500 USD and received 21,000 Haitian goudes. We ventured into the market and decided to buy from multiple vendors to support the local economy.

Bridget purchasing mosquito bed nets in the Hinche market.

Prior to our trip this week and stemming from our end-of-year symposium projects, we each crafted a survey of questions to ask people in the community this week to better inform our work for our projects. Emmanuel translated for us  as we asked the vendors questions from each of our surveys. After purchasing seventy bed nets from four different vendors, we delved into Brian’s investigation of food security and hunger. Brian visited the food portion of the market along with the shops on the street and was able to gather data on the cost of various food items. It was amazing to see our projects in action and how much we learned from interviewing just a handful of community members.

Brian interviewing food venders in the Hinche market.

The eventful morning left us very tired, but all we needed was a quick rest back at the house. We continued interviewing residents of Hinche, mostly women who were at home, and learned about perceptions of disease in a rural community. Many were intrigued by what we were doing beyond the simple question-asking; with these concerns in mind, we returned home with an even stronger resolution to translate our research into lasting change. We even met a local pharmacist who is a week away from opening a free community clinic in Hinche! We are hoping to collect some eyeglasses for this new clinic to be able to distribute to those in need.

Interviewing residents in Hinche.

Meanwhile in Los Palos, Aneesh, Stuart, Wyatt and Mr. Doar accompanied the midwives on their mobile clinic. Wyatt took the blood pressure of 30 pregnant women, while Aneesh and Stuart checked and recorded their weights. Stuart and Aneesh also interviewed many of the women waiting to be seen by the midwives. Stuart’s survey concentrated on women’s health empowerment and Aneesh’s survey focused on access to water. The three helped support the clinic by sorting pills and then went on a tour of the village.

Heading out on the mobile clinic on the Midwives for Haiti pink jeep!

Their translator, Gladius, was able to show them the high school and introduce them to Father Gee. Father Gee is a very well educated lawyer and priest who ran the church and also taught constitutional law at a university in Hinche. Our topics of conversation varied from Notre Dame to Haitian politics. We thentrekked back to the mobile clinic, packed up the medical equipment and headed back home in the MFH hot pink jeep. Both groups met up back at the house and had a delicious Haitian lunch.

The group tried to use their negotiating skills as they haggled with the Haitian vendors outside the gate of the house to buy some souvenirs.

The last adventure of the day was to the Azil, Mother Teresa’s Missionaries for Charity’s Center for Malnourished Children.  The group thoroughly enjoyed returning to this special place after a year. Each chose an infant to bottle feed while bonding with them over multiple burps and dirty diapers. Playing with the kids, their smiles and happiness on their faces lit up the day. The soccer game back at the house expended the group’s last burst of our energy.

Feeding the children at the Azil.

As both of us sit down and look out in the distance from the balcony of the MFH guesthouse, we are so excited to continue exploring the beauty Haiti has to offer. We are already saying that just a week isn’t long enough to be here.

Highlights of the Day:

Stuart: Interviewing the pregnant women on the mobile clinic and finding out some really different and unexpected information. Also visiting the Azil and feeding Lwines.

Bridget: Seeing my project put into action and the feedback we got.

Brian: Gathering facts about food security in Haiti through interacting with people at the market and around town.

Aneesh: Spending time with the children at the Azil.

Wyatt: Taking the blood pressures of the many pregnant women who visited the Midwives for Haiti mobile clinic.

Elizabeth: Spreading awareness about cancer and the importance of detecting it early

Today’s blog post was written by GHF Wyatt Miller, Class of 2016. Internet access was off and on last night, so this post accounts for yesterday, June 9.

We arrived in Haiti at noon after waking up in the United States at three in the morning to get to the airport. Looking down on the country as our plane landed brought back memories of last year. In 2012, Haiti brought us our first global health experience in the developing world. Last year we toured hospitals in Port-au-Prince, Cange, Mirebalais, and Hinche and visited with organizations based in Port-au-Prince and Hinche, as well. Though we will not be staying in Port-au-Prince this year, we did get the chance to marvel at how much the airport has changed.

The airport used to be more of a giant warehouse with a free-for-all baggage claim; but recent renovations in December have turned it into a much more modern airport. It was entertaining to watch Mr. Doar being “helped” by the airport porters to our van.

The next part of our trip brought us on our three-hour road trip to Hinche where we will remain for the rest of the stay. On the road we first passed by the Mirebalais hospital, which we visited last year. Last year it had not yet begun receiving patients, but now the hospital is beginning to open up all of its services. Our tour of Partner in Health‘s hospital in Mirebalais, led by PIH staff member Annie McDonough, revealed the completed facility and newly equipped rooms, which, when fully opened, will be arguably the best hospital in the Caribbean. We even got to speak with two ER doctors from PIH who have been hard at work preparing the ER for its opening in just a few weeks. Once the hospital is fully operating, it will have 6 operating rooms running, will employ 1000 people (175 of which are community health workers), will have three residency training programs (family medicine, surgery, and ob/gyn) and will be the largest hospital in the world run solely on solar electricity. What an amazing and truly inspirational facility!

Group shot in the playroom in the pediatric ward at Mirebalais.

Beautiful courtyard at hospital in Mirebalais.

Bridget and Elizabeth in the same spot at the PIH hospital in Mirebalais, ten months later!

After progressing out of Mirebalais and back onto the road, we traveled to the Zanmi Lasante hospital in Cange. In Cange, we toured the oncology ward, which proved interesting especially for Elizabeth since her project centered around cancer in the developing world. After touring the oncology ward, we climbed up a steep hill to a small circle where we had the most amazing view. On top of this hill we met a few Haitian children with whom we attempted to converse in Creole, which was a welcome break from driving in the van.  We unfortunately had to leave both the incredible view and the local children so that we could get to Midwives for Haiti, in Hinche.  After reconnecting with in-country coordinator Carrie, we ate a delicious dinner and discussed each of our goals for our projects. To finish our long, interesting, first day in Haiti we all shared our highlights for the day.

From the beautiful lookout in Cange with our PIH friend, Lazenya Weekes. You can see over to the Dominican Republic!

Highlights of the Day:

Aneesh: Realizing the progress PIH has made by comparing the hospital at Cange with the hospital at Mirebalais.

Wyatt: Hiking up a hill at Zanmi Lasante’s hospital in Cange and taking pictures with Haitian children while attempting to communicate in Creole with them.  Communication is one of the hardest things to master, but it is also one of the most rewarding.

Brian: Observing all of Haiti’s improvements since last year including the Mirebalais hospital and the reduction of residence in the tent cities, which shocked me as we drove by.

Bridget: Seeing the difference in the Mirebalais hospital–how far it has come and the impact it will have when it opens fully in a few months.

Stuart: Seeing the hospital in Mirebalais and the progress it has made since last summer. I’m really excited about how much hope it offers Haiti.

Elizabeth: Finally making use of my French with the students at Cange.

Practicing French and Creole in Cange.

On May 21, we held the first Fellows Symposium here at Norfolk Academy.

It was an incredible evening that brought together our community and our partners to engage with our Fellows and hear about their independent or group projects. Howard Hoege, Assistant Dean of Strategic Initiatives at the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy at the University of Virginia, kicked off the evening with an inspiring and impassioned keynote address, “Developing Civic and Global Leaders,” that challenged Fellows, in Dr. Rezelman’s words, to “not allow an academic overemphasis on ‘nuance’ and ‘complexity’ to become an excuse for hesitation or inaction.”

Mr. Wetmore, Mr. Hoege, Mrs. Hoege

After program updates from each of the directors, we headed into the refectory for an interactive poster session with the twenty-two current fellows of the Global Health Fellows program, International Relations Fellows program, and the Chesapeake Bay Fellows program. The room was abuzz as fellows shared their work with a series of small audiences and engaged their questions and feedback.

Wyatt Miller and Dr. Lisbet Hanson

Elizabeth Lilly, GHF ’16, presenting about providing quality cancer care in the developing world.

Click on the links below to view the visuals each Global Health Fellow crafted to present his/her work:

Aneesh Dhawan 

Brian Peccie

Bridget Dickinson 

Elizabeth Lilly

Stuart Luter

Wyatt Miller

In two weeks, these six fellows will be back in Haiti to conduct needs assessments and research in the field, to pilot their curricula, to distribute bed nets, and to take the next steps necessary to transform their projects from a plan on paper into a reality. Thank you to all who attended the symposium – your interactions and conversations with our fellows undoubtedly provided them with new perspectives and questions that will inform and improve their projects before implemention.

We invite you to attend our first annual Center for Civic and Global Leadership Fellows’ Symposium on May 21 at 5 pm in Johnson Theater at Norfolk Academy. The six Global Health Fellows from the Class of 2016 will present their work during a poster presentation at the conclusion of the evening. Their topics are:

• Aneesh Dhawan: “A solution for access to clean water: Desalination in Haiti”
• Bridget Dickinson: “Preventing Malaria in Pregnant Mothers in Rural Haiti”
• Elizabeth Lilly: “Quality Cancer Care in the Developing World”
• Stuart Luter: “Health Education for Young Adolescent Girls – A Curriculum for Implementation in Rural Haiti”
• Wyatt Miller: “Preventing and Treating Hypertension in Haiti”
• Brian Peccie: “Ending Hunger and Improving Food Security – A Look at Malawi”

The Chesapeake Bay Fellows and International Relations Fellows will also be presenting!

Today, the Global Health Fellows were fortunate enough to hear a presentation from EVMS Family Medicine Professor Ana Vazquez-Morina (also mother of Luke Morina NA ’16) and Derwin Gray, Norfolk Academy Class of 2007 and Eastern Virginia Medical School MD Candidate for Class of 2016. The two shared about their recent trip to Pucallpa, Peru in March with a group of medical students, residents, and MPH from EVMS/ODU. Their trip involved a few objectives: to survey the squatter camp community members to assess risk factors of pterygium (which is found in 70% of the community – the highest recorded anywhere in the world!!); to distribute eye glasses (donated by the Lyons Club) to those in need; to run a clinic for the community in desperate need of healthcare. It was a fascinating portrayal of the great benefits and challenges of assessing and then providing healthcare in a very resource-limited place. They encouraged our fellows to spend time making sure to understand the culture and their belief systems before initiating a care plan. Most of all, I think the Global Health Fellows enjoyed meeting a recent NA grad who is already making big waves in the field of medicine and public health.

Derwin Gray and Dr. Ana Vazquez-Morina with the Global Health Fellows

This past weekend, I was fortunate enough to be able to attend the 10^th annual Unite for Sight Global Health and Innovation Conference held at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. I attended last April, as well, and it was through conversations at the conference that pieces of our Haiti trip and programming came together. This conference is attended by students (undergraduate, graduate, medical students), educators, and professionals from all 50 states and over 50 countries. It is a jam-packed two days that leave you feeling inspired, empowered, and connected to the growing global health community.

Some highlights from a few of the sessions I attended:

Tina Rosenberg, Fixes columnist for the New York Times, was the opening keynote speaker, and she addressed how to harness the power of peer pressure to make positive strives in global health. She argued that the best way to change behavior (which she sees as the biggest health challenge today) is through motivation, not information sharing, and that the most credible messenger is a peer who is has already made the change. She also highlighted “time banks” – a community/neighborhood membership network that uses reciprocal service exchange that uses units of time as currency. For example, you provide services to rack up points to receive services, e.g. I drive you to the pharmacy and you come clean out my gutters. There are now about 300 “time banks” in existence in the United States, and she cited a “time bank” in Richmond, Virginia that has successfully cut asthma emergency admissions at the hospital through its peer-to-peer assistance system.

One of my favorite types of sessions to attend at the conference are the “pitches: ideas in development.” Each presenter has five minutes to pitch their idea/project in development and then receives feedback/comments/questions from the audience for five minutes.

I attended two such sessions: “Water, Sanitation, and Environment Social Enterprise Pitches” and “Community-Based Social Enterprise Pitches.” I was intrigued to hear from Peepoople (what a name!), a Swedish company, that has designed a self-sanitizing single-use biodegradable toilet that is a short-term solution for sanitation post-disaster or in refugee camps.

A group from Dartmouth Humanitarian Engineering presented their small-scale hydropower project in rural Rwanda that has led to income generation through battery-charging kiosks for cell phones. A veterinarian from UCDavis presented on a wildlife pathogen surveillance project, supported by USAID, which is especially relevant today with the H7N9 bird flu outbreak in China. Non-communicable diseases were a hot topic, and I was excited to hear about several projects in the works to address diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use, cancer, and lifestyle diseases.

I thoroughly enjoyed attending the “Healthcare Innovation” session; presenters included Ali Lutz of Partners in Health, Maja Pleic of the Harvard Global Equity Initiative, and Jane Aronson, founder of Worldwide Orphans Foundation. Ali Lutz had helped us coordinate our visits to PIH’s hospitals in Mirebalais and Cange last summer, and I just find her articulation of Partner in Health’s mission and “change narrative” accessible and infectious. Maja Pleic focused on “Closing the Cancer Divide” between resource-rich and resource-poor contexts – a topic Global Health Fellow Elizabeth Lilly, Class of 2016, is researching for her symposium project.

A session on Maternal and Child Health highlighted the work of the Lwala Community Alliance (Milton Ochieng, one of the founders, was my sister’s good friend from Dartmouth – small world!), mothers2mothers International, and Mercy Corps to improve neonatal morality rates, eliminate pediatric AIDS, and implement community health workers’ outreach.

Jeffrey Sachs, Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, and Sonia Ehrlich Sachs, Director of Health in the Millennium Village Project, served as the keynote addresses on Sunday. They focused on the great strides in global health in the past decade (consistent decline in “Under 5 Mortality Rate;” better diagnostics, communications, transport, medicines; universal health care is within reach; ICT applications). They introduced the campaign for one million community health workers to be working in sub-Saharan Africa by 2015.

I enjoyed attending an interactive lecture by Richard Skolnik, the author of Essentials of Global Health, one of the books we are using with our Global Health Fellows here at Norfolk Academy.

There were so many other interesting talks and highlights from the conference: mHealth and mobile technology; film screenings followed by discussions with the filmmaker; advice on careers in global health; how design plays a role in global health interventions; social businesses; environmental health. I could go on and on.

The six current and the five newly-minted Global Health Fellows were at the forefront of my mind all weekend. Though our program is still in its infancy, I could see our Fellows standing up to “pitch” their ideas to the global health community at this conference one day in the not-too-distant future.

After investigating a case study on treating cataracts in India, the Global Health Fellows were fortunate enough to be able to observe cataract surgeries at Virginia Eye Consultants on March 19 and March 21. A huge thank you to Dr. Scoper, Dr. Lago, and the entire team at Virginia Eye Consultants for making this unforgettable experience possible for us!

On March 18, the Global Health Fellows attended a screening of Girl Rising, a documentary-narrative hybrid about nine extraordinary girls from around the world and the opportunities afforded them by education. It is clear the link between education and health, both on an individual level and on a community level, and the film spoke to each one of us. We encourage you to find or host a screening near you!

Throughout the semester, the Global Health Fellows have joined the International Relations Fellows and Chesapeake Bay Fellows in a series of workshops as part of their leadership curriculum through the Center for Civic and Global Leadership.

On February 5, in keeping with the leadership theme of the year, “Lead Yourself,” we hosted Kevin Denson on campus to speak with the Fellows about their personality types and how it might affect their leadership styles. They completed the HumanMetrics Jung Typology Test (similar to Myers-Briggs) in preparation for the session.

After learning about different personality types and different types of leaders, each cohort of Fellows worked together to compete against the other cohorts to design and construct the tallest possible structure made out of uncooked spaghetti, string, and a marshmallow. The International Relations ’16 cohort might have won this year, but the Global Health Fellows’ strategy was visionary. Just wait until next year, IRFs…

Chesapeake Bay Fellows, Class of 2016

International Relations Fellows, Class of 2016

Global Health Fellows, Class of 2016

On February 15, Julius Johnson, Afghanistan Field Training Coordinator for the U.S. State Department, spoke with the Fellows about international development and diplomacy through his work with the State Department. Mr. Johnson shared with the Fellows an amazing variety of experiences he has had around the world, from Japan to Saudi Arabia to Afghanistan.  Dr. Rezelman commented, “He spoke movingly about the difficulties, and the joys, of international development work.  By the end of his talk, and the Q&A and that followed, students were inspired to make the world a more peaceful and just place.”

Elizabeth Lilly ’16 reflected on her time with Mr. Johnson: “I had been looking forward to Dr. Johnson’s talk for a long time, ever since I heard of Muscatatuck. Hearing about his work in Afghanistan through the Time video only added to my curiosity. I really enjoyed what he had to say, especially his anecdotal approach to teaching. I also thought it was fascinating how he described how abstract ideas such as time and space could be so different in foreign cultures. I found myself thinking during his presentation about my potentially traveling to a culture in which I felt uncomfortable (I do have a pretty small ‘comfort zone,’ after all), and how I would react. He definitely gave me a lot to think about!”

Bridget Dickinson ’16 felt that “the one main thing he said that stood out to me was listen, learn, and then lead.”

On March 14, Angela Cyrus (CAPT, USN [ret.]) returned to Norfolk Academy to speak to the Fellows about leadership.  Dr. Cyrus is the president of the Cyrus Group, an organization committed to “developing powerful leaders who have skill-based competence to lead in a more complex, knowledge driven market and self-confidence to authentically lead others to achieve extraordinary results.”  Formerly director of admissions at the United States Naval Academy, Dr. Cyrus remains on the faculty at Annapolis within the Leadership, Law, and Ethics Department and serves on the faculty of the Harvard Summer Institute on College Admissions. Dr. Cyrus challenged and then proved to the “future leaders of the world” to always start with the right question. The group worked through an exercise together where they learned that in order to get the right answers one first has to ask the right questions.

Aneesh Dhawan ’16: I was extremely impressed with Captain Cyrus’s presentation. After her presentation I have started to view many problems differently. I wonder if we are asking the right questions to solve many of the world’s problems. Her emphasis of breaking down the problem and attacking it in smaller pieces was also very interesting. Breaking down the problem into smaller pieces allows for people to attack the problem at a small scale. These small-scale interventions can add up, and eventually the problems are solved. Overall the presentation was eye opening, and it was very interactive. Capt. Cyrus was able to lead us through an example, which we made up right on the spot. Her ability to lead the example, we had just come up with, showed that she knew what she was talking about.

Stuart Luter ‘16: I really enjoyed Capt. Cyrus’s talk. In the past I had never considered the importance of the question in solving a problem. I found it interesting when she talked about arguments and how often times people are arguing sides to a different question. I enjoyed being engaged in the conversation: expressing our ideas and supporting/opposing each other in order to discover the correct question to ask to solve a problem. Captain Cyrus also made me feel very inspired and excited in the fact that I can make a difference in the future.

On March 20, the Fellows joined together to investigate the characteristics of morally courageous leaders through discussing Rushworth Kidder’s Moral Courage. Upon reflection on the discussion, Brian Peccie ’16 commented, “Moral Courage by Rushworth Kidder is a book that describes the qualities of a morally courageous person and provides examples that inspire someone to want to become morally courageous. In order for moral courage to be expressed, there must be three factors present: there must be principles within the person, a dangerous opposing factor, and the person must be enthusiastic about what he does. This applies to all the Fellows. If we want to solve a truly challenging problem, we must have the principles of knowing what to do at the right time and the background knowledge about the problem, an opposing factor such as a failure, and the confidence, willingness, and enthusiasm to fight through the negative factors in order to succeed.”

On April 4, the Fellows were charged to take initiative through discussion of the short story “A Message to Garcia” led by NA faculty member Bernie McMahon. Elizabeth Lilly ’16, upon reflection of the conversation, commented, “Immediately upon reading A Message to Garcia, I was struck by how easily it related to my life. Of course, I’m not traversing the jungles of Cuba to deliver an important military message. But I do find myself guilty of this incessant question-asking – and reluctance to do the tasks asked of me (even the very minor ones). “Figure it out” is an important message, and one that must be taught starting at a young age. However, one must also be careful to not blindly follow orders; it is in this way that evil and injustices are perpetrated worldwide. But the main message I got out of Mr. McMahon’s (very engaging!) discussion was the call to become a compelled leader. Only once I reach this status will I be able to make a true difference in the world which, after all, is the ultimate goal.”